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Message: [QUOTE="JohnH, post: 95394, member: 5139"] A variable is a named memory location, it holds a value for value types or a memory address aka [I]reference[/I] for reference types. ByVal parameters make a copy of the value or reference that was passed, just like declaring a new variable and assigning it something, so in the latter case a new reference is created pointing to the same object the original variable was pointing to. With ByRef a new variable is not created, the same variable aka memory location that was passed in is also used within the method. So for reference types a ByRef parameter only matters if you need to assign a new instance, if it was ByVal and you assigned a new instance in the method it would not be reflected in the original variable. [/QUOTE]